Artificial intelligence has the potential to dramatically improve accessibility through automated captions, text-to-speech systems, image descriptions, personalised learning tools, and more. These innovations can empower users with disabilities and make digital content more inclusive than ever.
However, alongside these benefits come serious concerns. The risks are not about AI itself but about how it is implemented. There are some concerns not about AI itself, but about the risks, assumptions, and limitations that could harm disabled users if deployed without careful oversight.
Understanding these limitations is essential for using AI responsibly in accessibility.
1. AI Tools Often Produce Inaccurate Results
AI-generated captions, alt text, or summaries are helpful, but not always reliable. Errors in captions can confuse viewers who rely on them. Incorrect image descriptions can mislead blind or low-vision users. For people who depend on accuracy, even small mistakes have real consequences.
This creates fear that organizations will rely on cheap AI solutions instead of proper human-centered accessibility work.
2. Artificial Iintteligence Can Reinforce Bias
AI systems are trained on large datasets that may not include enough examples of diverse disabilities. This can lead to:
Poor recognition of non-standard speech Misidentification of mobility aids Inaccurate representation of disabled people
Accessibility experts worry that biased AI can deepen exclusion rather than reduce it.
3. Automation Might Replace Human Expertise
Some fear that companies will use AI as a shortcut rather than investing in:
Professional accessibility testing Inclusive design practices Assistive technology support
This can result in superficial “AI fixes” instead of real, sustainable accessibility.
4. Privacy and Surveillance Concerns
AI tools often collect data about Disabled people may feel more exposed to surveillance and misuse of their personal information.
5. Lack of Control and Transparency
AI systems often behave like a “black box.”
Users with disabilities especially those who rely on assistive technology need predictability, stability, and clear controls, which AI systems don’t always provide.
6. Fear That AI Will Be Used Instead of Accessible Design
The biggest issue is philosophical. Some companies think “AI will fix accessibility for us.”
Accessibility specialists argue that AI should support accessibility, not replace it. True accessibility still requires human-centred design and compliance with standards like WCAG. AI is a tool, not a substitute for responsibility.
Conclusion
I want to emphasise that the accessibility community is not opposed to AI itself. The concern lies in how AI is designed and deployed. For AI to be truly effective in supporting accessibility, tools must be accurate, transparent, and purposefully designed with disabled users in mind, complementing human expertise rather than replacing it.
When implemented responsibly, AI can be a powerful ally in creating inclusive digital experiences. However, without careful consideration, AI can unintentionally introduce barriers, undermining accessibility goals. Organisations must prioritise thoughtful design, rigorous testing, and continuous feedback from users with disabilities to ensure